What is a Condenser Microphone?
A condenser microphone includes a built-in amplifier which provides a low output impedance. This means that the microphone requires electrical power to drive its active circuitry, usually in the form of phantom power. Due to the physics of its construction, a well built condenser mic will deliver a smooth frequency response across the full frequency range.
Condenser vs. Dynamic
A condenser microphone is generally more sensitive than dynamic microphones like the commonly used Shure SM57. A condenser has a wider frequency response and as a result is usually more expensive.
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Based on the above comparison, it should be clear why the dynamic microphone (SM57) is the obvious choice for live scenarios. Although condenser microphones are becoming increasingly popular for live use, their characteristics make them ideal for the recording studio.
Using a Condenser Microphone Live
In certain live situations a condenser could work very well. For example, an acoustic guitar player may be better suited for a condenser microphone which can capture all the nuances for their performance. On the other hand, background noise rejection may be an issue.
A popular choice for a condenser microphone is the Rode NT1. It retails for about $250, in comparison the the dynamic SM57 which retails for about $100.
